In the Qur'an, stories about the life and teachings of Jesus Christ (called 'Isa in Arabic) are abundant. The Qur'an recalls his miraculous birth, his teachings, the miracles he performed by God's permission, and his life as a respected prophet of God. The Qur'an also repeatedly reminds that Jesus was a human prophet sent by God, not part of God Himself. Below are some direct quotations from the Qur'an regarding his life and teachings.
The Nativity of Christ:
"Behold! the angels said, 'Oh Mary! God gives you glad tidings of a Word from Him. His name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, held in honour in this world and the Hereafter, and in (the company of) those nearest to God. He shall speak to the people in childhood and in maturity. He shall be (in the company) of the righteous… And God will teach him the Book and Wisdom, the Law and the Gospel'" (3:45-48).
His Role as Prophet:
"He [Jesus] said: 'I am indeed a servant of God. He has given me revelation and made me a prophet; He has made me blessed wheresoever I be; and He has enjoined on me prayer and charity as long as I live. He has made me kind to my mother, and not overbearing or miserable. So peace is on me the day I was born, the day that I die, and the day that I shall be raised up to life (again)!' Such was Jesus the son of Mary. It is a statement of truth, about which they (vainly) dispute. It is not befitting to (the majesty of) God that He should beget a son. Glory be to Him! When He determines a matter, He only says to it, 'Be,' and it is" (19:30-35).
"When Jesus came with Clear Signs, he said: 'Now I have come to you with Wisdom, and in order to make clear to you some of the (points) on which you dispute. Therefore, fear God and obey me. God, He is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him — this is a Straight Way.' But sects from among themselves fell into disagreement. So woe to the wrongdoers, from the penalty of a Grievous Day!" (43:63-65)
"And behold! God will say [i.e. on the Day of Judgment]: 'Oh Jesus, the son of Mary! Did you say unto men, worship me and my mother as gods in derogation of God?' He will say: 'Glory to Thee! Never could I say what I had no right (to say). Had I said such a thing, You would indeed have known it. You know what is in my heart, though I know not what is in Yours. For You know in full all that is hidden. Never did I say to them anything except what You commanded me to say: 'Worship God, my Lord and your Lord.' And I was a witness over them while I lived among them. When You took me up, You were the Watcher over them, and You are a witness to all things'" (5:116-117).
The Islamic emphasis on his humanity, denying the claim of his divinity:
"Christ, the son of Mary, was no more than a messenger; many were the messengers that passed away before him. His mother was a woman of truth. They had both to eat their (daily) food. See how God makes His signs clear to them; yet see in what ways they are deluded away from the truth!" (5:75).
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Gustavo, I enjoy such posts as these with passages from Qur'an.
I have been enjoying some of your other posts lately. You are well-spoken, well-read, and have an excellent writing style.
I have always found it interesting that the Qur'an records something about Mary's upbringing as a child, which is missing from the Judaeo-Christian scriptures, but which has always been transmitted in Greek Orthodox oral tradition.
Of course, I realized what shirk means in Islam, so what I am posting here is simply for the purpose of scholarly interest.
There is a Roman Catholic priest on myspace.com who often posts interesting things. Today, he posted a poem by Wordsworth which for him touches upon the Roman Catholic notion of "the immaculate conception" of Mary.
I post these things because it is good for us to have some insight into the reasoning of other religions, and also, to the ways in which various denominations within the same religion disagree on essential matters.
I should mention that I personally was raised by non-religious parents of Protestant ancestry, and never brought to any church even once. Though my pen name for years has been Sitaram, I am an American with no Indian ancestry. I mention this because someone has inaccurately stated that my agenda is to "bash" Islam and endorse "dharmic" religions of Hinduism and Buddhism.
My agenda is simply to study and reflect upon the comparative theologies of all the various religions. I have not participated in any congregational form of corporate worship for many years now. I no longer feel the personal need for organized religion, but there are many in the world who do, and I certainly understand and respect that need. Carl Jung, who was perhaps the greatest of all the disciples of Freud, said that "if a person does not address the issues of psychic need for religion by mid-life, then they shall most likely suffer some psychopathology" (paraphrasing from memory).
So here is my post in reply to the priest's post:
Father, I always enjoy your posts!
When I was a novice for one year (at age 25) in a Greek Orthodox monastery (Holy Transfiguration in Brookline), I remember one reading, during trapeza (refectory meal), from some theologian of the 6th century (described as of Semitic tradition), who speaks of the upbringing of the Virgin Mary, in the Holy of Holies in the Temple (this Greek oral tradition is actually recorded in the Muslim Qur'an), saying that she was "cleansed through a process of scouring, as it were, to approach as close as possible for a human to a state of sinless purity."
Now, the Greeks never accepted the notion of an "immaculate conception" of Mary, to avoid the taint of "original sin" (which the Greeks also reject). One Greek Bishop with quite a sense of humor once commented that the doctrine of Immaculate Conception was a poor solution to a non-existent problem.
My wife is a devout Roman Catholic from the Philippines, so I understand Roman Catholic beliefs, and mean no disrespect or contention by sharing these curious and little known views.
The Greeks refer to Christ as Theos-Anthropos (literally, God-man). Their notion is that Mary must be completely human in every sense of the word, including some measure of potential for sin (however vanishingly small), so that the true synthesis of God and Human may give birth to the Theanthropos Logos.
Various Greek hymns and prayers refer to Jesus as "the only sinless one." Now it is interesting that Jesus tells two of the apostles that it is not possible for them to sit at Jesus left and right in the kingdom. A Greek iconostasis always depicts Mary to the right of Jesus, and John the Baptist to the left. Now, Jesus states that "no greater male was ever born of a woman (gynecka) than John the Baptist. Gynecka, of course, is that Greek word from which we derive gynecology. BUT, Jesus was NOT born of gyneka, but of PARTHENOS (i.e. a virgin).
Now Jesus also states that "a wiser than a Solomon is in your midst (meaning himself)." But, we see that Solomon prayed to God for wisdom, and God directly answered Solomon saying, "you shall be wiser than any man who came before you, and any man who shall ever come after you." Well, if Jesus is saying that Jesus is WISER than Solomon, then, one might conclude that Jesus is not a man (anthropos) but is THEANTHROPOS.
I thought perhaps I would share the ancient but little known early Greek patristic observations for those who take interest in such topics.